Williams was a prolific firearms designer, and had worked in a blacksmith’s shop as a youth - giving him familiarity with metal work and design.
While in prison - having pled guilty to second-degree murder in 1921 - he was put to work in the prison’s machine shop repairing the guards’ weapons.
Working in secret on his designs - in the years between 1923 and 1928, he built four rifles which incorporated his two most famous inventions.
His first rifle he built from 'scrap iron and a walnut fence post.', while another was made from a tractor axle and the drive shaft from a Model T.
Williams’ first prison-built rifle used a floating chamber design that later became the basis for several designs that allow firearms to fire a sub-caliber round.
Perhaps the best-known example of the 'floating chamber' is that of Colt’s .22-.45 conversion kit, which allows a Government Model 1911 to fire .22 Long Rifle ammunition.
Williams received a patent for the floating chamber in 1936.
The invention that would earn him his nickname was the short-stroke piston gas system that was used in the M1 Carbine.
Williams had invented the short-stroke system while in prison, and in 1941 he went to work with Winchester on the Carbine Project.
He received a patent for the short-stroke piston in 1944.
The initial design of the M1 Carbine was semi-automatic and was the standard-issue carbine of WWII for non-Airborne troops, who used the M1A1, with its folding stock.
The fully-automatic M2 was a late-war modification (later type-classified) that saw considerable use in Korea and Viet-Nam.
Vaya,
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