I was offered a bit of a puzzlement in the way of a project....
A friend of mine has a original 1861 Springfield rifle, It came from a collection here in St, Cloud.
Seems it has been on the mantle of the older home of an original Ohio GAR Veteran in Town, but sill in the family.
( tad of History St. Cloud Florida was founded in 1909 as a Grand Army of the Republic retirement city )
At some point many years ago a wooden cleaning rod was stuck and broken off about 2" below the the muzzle, just out of reach to grasp , even with needle nose pliers. It appeared several attempts to remove it had rendered the end beat, split and mushroomed.
All attempt's had obviously failed and it has been on display with rod firmly stuck at the Veterans Museum several years.
My challenge, was to see if I could remove it ....
Short answer ...I did it without molesting the breach plug .
First I had to clear away the beat , split and mushroom end of the rod . I needed a good solid tip , that resulted the rod end being even deeper down from the muzzle.
The wooden rod/dowel I determined to be approx. 7/16 (0.4375) . With the rod end now somewhat de-bubba'ed.
I fabricated a puller cap from a 44 Special case , in this I inserted a twisted safety wire with small nut to keep it from pulling out of the Primer hole.
I epoxied and forced the shell down over the wooden rod and allowed the epoxy to cure.
I simply tightened the wire in my vise and gave the barrel a tug.... "sloop" out it came. easy as that !
BTW ...(Prior to) I had to be sure the gun was unloaded so I well Kroiled the bolster and bore to be sure no BP was active...
( it was not loaded and the old cloth cleaning patch was all but rotted away )