The records I reviewed are for the Hawaiian military, including the Citizen's Guard, during the period between about 1888 and 1898 and possibly a few years after that (the records are primarily unit rosters with many "commissioning" dates in 1897 and 1898, so it stands to reason that the records may have been used for at least a brief period after 1898). In the rosters, assigned or "possessed" weapons (a small proportion of the listed arms are recorded as privately owned) are usually listed by the manufacturer's name and the caliber, but not model. Winchesters listed as .45-75 are presumed to be 1876 models because of the caliber and serial number range.
There are listings for quite a few 45-70 Winchesters which seem likely to be either 1885 single shots or 1886s. There are also scattered listings of "44" caliber Winchesters. I feel that one, SN 19495 in "44" caliber, is probably a .73--the serial number would make it an 1876 manufacture if it were a '73. It seems less likely to be an 1866, which would have been manufactured in 1868--somewhat out of synch with most Hawaiian guns, though not impossible. Another isolated listing, Winchester SN 463699 in .44 caliber, also seems likely to be an 1873. There is a listing for a "38" caliber Winchester SN 2384. I would guess this was a .38-40 Model 1873, but a Model 1885 in .38-55 might also make sense (a Winchester expert might be able to figure it out). There's another Winchester listed as caliber "38-45," SN 63939. Any guesses? Another example, listed as a "Winchester carbine," caliber .44, SN 643051 doesn't make sense to me--if it was an 1873 model, it would seem to fall outside of the date range for the records I reviewed, but I don't see another model it would likely be. I believe this weapon is recorded more than once in the records, so perhaps less likely to be a "typo," but could be. Serial number 19806 and 220111, both in "44" caliber, seem likely to be 1873s, although the lower number would also make sense as a model 1892.
One particularly interesting unit for purpose of the Model 1873 discussion, the "Mounted Reserve" of the Citizen's Guard lists 40 Winchesters of "44" caliber, most of which are recorded as government-owned. A few entries do not list a serial number, some list 4- and 5- digit serial numbers, but about three quarters of them fall within the serial number range from 431661 to 471242. From the date range calculator I've been using, these could be 1873s (manufactured between 1892 and 1894, which would be an appropriate date range), and perhaps the number is great enough to show up as a bulk purchase in the Winchester records. Quick! Somebody go look!
As with many things, history often involves educated (more or less) guesswork, so I could be completely off base and would welcome any corrections.
--DJ
DJ, thank you for that information. I've had a couple of opportunities to since visit the Hawaii state archives. I still haven't found my 1873 in there yet, but did manage to take a bunch of photos of the CGH records they have. Here's a link in case you're ever interested:
https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipPklDFjEnPdW-WTtMYX47Th599ary-QFr22vmWGbYNn4k-0Xs6u7IYP5_nX4jmYhw?key=bE5zTlZZbEJrdGZNRU90VHpNeEhWUTdqaGRIVEpRSome recent photos of my CGH 1873:
https://imgur.com/a/KBd65yX