I too, have given up on paper cartridges, due to their failure to resist dampness here on the North Pacific Coast.
However, military or civilian grade cartridges of the mid-19th Century were made of more robust materials than cigarette paper.
In British Columbia about 1860, at Wildhorse Creek, a horse thief shot a provincial Constable with a Dragoon revolver. A Posse of miners with ML shotguns pursued the felon across the border. At one point he swam across a river and his ammunition was spoiled, but he managed to get some more cartridges from an Indian if I recall the tale. Thinking that the posse had passed him he (His name was "One-Eared Charlie", said organ having been removed by a guard with a revolver shot while Charlie was in the Victoria police cells for bootlegging) turned North again only to run into an ambush and suffered severe lead poisoning due to an excess of buckshot. It turned out that Charlie was shot SOUTH of the border, and BC's resolve to be "Vigilante free" was technically maintained.
My point. Cartridges were widely used in the day. But it is not surprising that metallic cartridge firearms were speedily adopted by those who needed sidearms